What is the proper medical term for vomiting blood?

The proper medical term for vomiting blood is hematemesis. This term specifically describes the act of expelling blood through vomiting, which can indicate a range of medical conditions, often related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcers, varices, or erosive gastritis. Understanding this term is vital in a clinical context, as it can help healthcare professionals quickly identify the severity of a patient's condition and determine appropriate next steps in diagnosis and treatment. The other options do not relate to the act of vomiting blood, focusing instead on conditions affecting nerves, heart attacks, and thyroid glands, which is why they do not fit the definition of hematemesis.