What is the medical term for a disease of the endocrine system?

The correct answer is goiter, which refers specifically to an enlargement of the thyroid gland, an important part of the endocrine system responsible for regulating metabolism, growth, and development through the production of hormones. The condition can be associated with various types of thyroid dysfunction, such as hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism, reflecting an underlying disorder of the endocrine system.

Neuritis pertains to inflammation of a nerve and is not a disease related to the endocrine system. Myocardial infarction refers to a heart attack, which is a cardiovascular condition rather than an issue regarding hormonal balance. Cholelithiasis is the medical term for gallstones, which are related to the digestive system and not relevant to endocrine diseases. Therefore, goiter accurately represents a condition affecting the endocrine system.