What is the medical term for the enlargement of the kidney?

The term "nephromegaly" specifically refers to the enlargement of the kidney. This condition can be due to various factors, including cysts, tumors, or conditions leading to hydronephrosis, where the kidney swells due to a build-up of urine. Understanding the roots of the term can also provide insight; "nephro" relates to the kidney, and "megaly" denotes enlargement. This combination makes it clear and precise in describing the condition.

In contrast, the other terms presented refer to different medical conditions. "Cholelithiasis" pertains to the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder. "Hematemesis" describes vomiting blood and is generally associated with gastrointestinal bleeding. "Neuritis" refers to the inflammation of a nerve, which has no direct relation to the kidneys. Therefore, when considering the definitions and specificities, "nephromegaly" is unmistakably the correct identifier for kidney enlargement.