What is the medical term for the act of vomiting blood?

The term for the act of vomiting blood is hematemesis. This medical condition indicates that there is bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract, which can be caused by several factors, including peptic ulcers, esophageal varices, or gastric cancer. Recognizing hematemesis is crucial because it often signals serious underlying health issues that require immediate medical attention.

In contrast, nephromegaly pertains to the enlargement of the kidneys, while patella refers to the kneecap, and capillary describes the tiny blood vessels that facilitate the exchange of oxygen and nutrients in the body. These terms are unrelated to the concept of vomiting or blood, reinforcing the appropriateness of hematemesis as the correct answer to the question.